King+Penguin

Animal: Animal Group: Description of animal group || King Penguin Bird - Mammal Mammals are backboned animals that have to eat alot of food to maintain their body temperature. They are warm blooded and have hair and they move around using their limbs It is the 2nd biggest and heaviest of all the penguins. It's scientific name is 'patagonica'. || Observation Describe your animal (Colour, size, body parts) || They have orange spots near their ears and on their neck. They have a white belly, a grey back and black head. Their bill is long and thin. They have black feet and grey eyes. They weigh about 30-45 pounds and they are about 37 inches tall || Describe how your animal behaves (moves, flies, runs) || King Penguins run on their feet and they don't hop on land. Their body is designed to fly in the water not on land. Penguins are able to dive a long way into the water for food. Depending on the species, that distance can be up to 1,700 feet. However, they do need to surface for air on a regular basis. The period of time that they can remain under the water without doing so is from two minutes to twenty minutes depending on the species. || Where it lives ||  King Penguins breed on seven sub-Antarctic island groups with a large population of King Penguins on the Falkland Islands, Macquarie Islands, Heard Islands. Iles Crozet and Marion Islands. King Penguins don't migrate which means they don't leave a place and set up home in another. The numbers of King Penguins have not been large but now the numbers of King Penguins has increased in several locations and it now looks certain that they won't become extinct. || Source 2: || http://penguin-facts.com/king-penguins http://www.penguins-world.com/facts-about-penguins.html || What it eats How it eats || The King Penguin eats small fish and squid. They also eat the krill and crustaceans but they don't rely on them. Penguins have very good vision and they can find their prey in the dark. They feed at sea and they catch their prey with their bills and they swallow it whole while they swim. Penguins have a spiny tongue and powerful jaw to help them grip slippery prey. || How does it have babies? How does it care for its babies? How long do they live? || No other bird has a longer breeding cycle than the King Penguin. They take 14 - 16 months to have a baby. Adults can only have a maximum of 2 chicks every 3 years. King penguins can live to about 20 years old. A king Penguins egg weights about 300 grams.
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 * Source 1: || /www.readyed.com.au/Sites/zoo/mammal.htm ||
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 * __**Description**__
 * Source 1: || penguin-facts.com/king-penguins ||
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 * Source 2: || http://www.penguins-world.com/facts-about-penguins.html ||
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 * Source 1: || p://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/penguin/reproduction.htm// ||
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 * **__Breeding Habits:__**

King Penguins are unique in that they have an unusually long breeding season. At any one time chicks of various ages are present in the colonies as eggs are laid anytime from November through April. From the time the chick mate through hatching of the eggs to the fledging of the chick may take 14 months or more making annual breeding impossible. Like the Emperors, King penguins' eggs are incubated on the adults' feet and not in nests. Both parents share in the care of the egg which takes approximately five weeks to hatch. Incubating birds are basically immobile although they can shuffle along slowly to avoid lumbering [|Southern Elephant seals]which occasionally wander through the colonies. Once hatched, the dark brown downy chicks fast for long periods of time between meals while the adults are away feeding at sea. Chicks are reared right through the winter (huddling in nursery groups to keep warm) and only fledge the following summer. Early explorers thought King Penguin chicks were a separate species from the adults calling them 'Woolly penguins.' || Source 2: || http://www.photovolcanica.com/PenguinSpecies/King/KingPenguinPhotos.html ttp:www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/penguins/king.shtml || What does it do during the day and night? || At night king penguins surface from 300 m and surface to 150 to avoid threats. || Source 2: || http:/www.photovolcanica.com/PenguinSpecies/King/KingPenguinPhotos.html ||  || How has it changed over time in Antarctica? || The most spectacular physical changes in the Antarctic environment relate to the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula. These are floating extensions of a grounded ice-sheet and globally most of them are located in bays around the Antarctic continent. It has been estimated that 14,000 square kilometres of ice have been lost from ten floating ice shelves in Antarctica over the last 50 years. Although the ice shelves are floating and therefore their breaking off will not contribute to sea level rise directly their loss will accelerate in the speed at which the glaciers that feed into the ice shelves move toward and eventually dump ice into the sea,. This will contribute to sea level
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The most dramatic changes are happening around the Antarctic Peninsula which is one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. A recent review showed that over the last 61 years, 87 percent of glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula have retreated. The retreat began at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and, over time has moved southwards as temperatures have risen. While there has been an increase in sea ice in some parts of Antarctica, a change linked to increased offshore winds resulting from the ozone hole, there has also been a significant reduction in duration and extent of winter sea ice west of the Antarctic Peninsula. Just as sea ice is critical to the marine life of the Arctic so it is to the marine life of the Antarctic. Krill, the basis of the Antarctic food web, use winter sea ice as a nursery and the loss of winter sea ice leads to a fall in krill numbers the following summer with consequences for the whales, seals and penguins that feed on them. ||  || Leopard Seals and Killer Whales are the biggest predators of King Penguins. They wait beneath the surface of the water near the shore for unsuspecting birds. Birds on the shore like skuas, sheathbills and Giant Petrel often raid the colonies on land and take the eggs and young birds when their parents are away. Fortunately only few King Penguins get caught in fishing nets. || The King Penguin runs with its feet while other penguins hop when they are on land King Penguins breed in colonies of as many as 100,000 chicks and the parents guard them very aggressively to protect them. King Penguins don't build nests, instead they tuck their single egg under their bellies while resting it on their feet. In the 19th and 20th centuries the oil, flesh, eggs and skins of King Penguins were used as fuel, food and clothes by the people who killed them. King Penguins usually don't fight but when their home or young are threatened they will peck or slap with their flippers to protect themselves. || Type in the content of your page here.
 * Source 1: || http://www.greenpeace.org/international/campaigns/oceans/polar-seas/antarctic/antarctica-climate-change ||
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 * **Threats:** || King penguin threats are killer whales and leopard seals.
 * Source 1: || http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/penguins/king.shtml ||
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 * **Other Facts:** || The King Penguin is the world's 2nd largest penguin and the 1st is the Emperor Penguin
 * Source 1: || http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/penguins/king.shtml ||
 * Source 2: || http://www.photovolcanica.com/PenguinSpecies/King/KingPenguinPhotos.html ||