Emperor+penguin+2

Animal: Animal Group:Bird-Mammal Description of animal group || Emperor Penguin Bird Mammal The adult Emperor Penguin stands up to 122cm tall and can weigh from 22 to 37 kg (48.5–82 lb), depending on where it is in the reproductive cycle; both male and female penguins lose substantial mass while raising hatchlings and incubating eggs. The tongue is equipped with rear-facing barbs to prevent prey from escaping when caught. The adult has deep black dorsal feathers, covering the head, chin, throat, back, dorsal part of the flippers, and tail. The black plumage is sharply delineated from the light-coloured plumage elsewhere. The underparts of the wings and belly are white, becoming pale yellow in the upper breast, while the ear patches are bright yellow. The upper mandible of the 8cm long bill is black, and the lower mandible can be pink, orange or lilac. In juveniles, the auricular patches, chin and throat are white, while its bill is black. The Emperor Penguin chick is typically covered with silver-grey [|down] and has a black head and white mask. A chick with all-white plumage was found in 2001, but was not considered to be an albino as it did not have pink eyes. Chicks weigh around 315g after hatching, and [|fledge] when they reach about 50% of adult weight. || Observation Describe your animal (Colour, size, body parts) ||. Emperor penguins stand more than 1 m (3 ft 4 in) tall and weigh up to 46 kg (101 lb). Emperor penguins spend most of their life at sea, diving to depths of almost 300 m (1,000 ft) to forage.The Emperor Penguin's dark plumage fades to brown from November to February, before the yearly [|moult] in January and February. Moulting is rapid in this species compared with other birds, taking only around 34 days. Emperor Penguin feathers emerge from the skin after they have grown to a third of their total length, and before old feathers are lost, to help reduce heat loss. New feathers then push out the old ones before finishing their growth. || Describe how your animal behaves (moves, flies, runs) || The dorsal parts are black and sharply delineated from the white belly, pale-yellow breast and bright-yellow ear patches. Like all penguins, it is flightless, with a streamlined body and wings stiffened and flattened into flippers for a marine lifestyle. || Where it lives || The Adelie Penguin has a circumdistribution in the Antarctic almost exclusively between the 66º and 77º south latitudes. It almost always breeds on stable pack ice near the coast and up to 18km offshore. Breeding colonies are usually located in areas where ice cliffs and icebergs shelter them from the wind. The total population is estimated at around 400,000–450,000 individuals, which are distributed among as many as 40 independent colonies. || What it eats How it eats || The Emperor Penguin's diet consists mainly of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods, although its composition varies from population to population. Fish are usually the most important food source, and the Antarctic silverfish (//Pleuragramma antarcticum//) makes up the bulk of the bird's diet. Other prey commonly recorded include other fish of the family Nototheniidae, the Glacial Squid (//Psychroteuthis glacialis//), and the hooked squid species //Kondakovia longimana//, as well as [|Antarctic krill] (//Euphausia superba//). The Emperor Penguin searches for prey in the open water of the [|Southern Ocean], in either ice-free areas of open water or tidal cracks in pack ice. One of its feeding strategies is to dive to around 50m, where it can easily spot sub-ice fish like the Bald notothen (//Pagothenia borchgrevinki//) swimming against the bottom surface of the sea-ice, which it then catches. It then dives again and repeats the sequence about half a dozen times before surfacing to breathe. || How does it have babies? How does it care for its babies? How long do they live? || The emperors usually wait for good weather to copulate, any time between April 10 and June 6. They separate themselves somewhat from the rest of the colony and face each other, remaining still for a time. Then the male bends his head, contracts his abdomen, and shows the female the spot on his belly where he has a flap of skin that serves as a kind of pouch for the egg and the baby chick. Unlike the pouch of a marsupial, this is a pouch only in a loose manner of speaking. In reality, it is a fold of loose abdominal skin, a bare (the lack of feathers facilitates the flow of heat) brooding patch, which wraps over the egg to form a warm brood cavity. This stimulates the female to do the same. Their heads touch, and the male bends his head down to touch the female's pouch. Both begin to tremble visibly. Then the female lies face down on the ice, partially spreads her wings and opens her legs. The male climbs onto her back and they mate for ten to thirty seconds. || What does it do during the day and night? || **The emperor penguins secret is huddling**. Really just an extension of the "be big" method of surviving extreme cold. Emperor penguins have developed a social behaviour that when it gets cold, they huddle together in groups that may comprise several thousand penguins. That way for most of the group, where their feathers end, instead of all of them having to face the biting wind and relentless cold, most of them have another warm penguin blanket to shield them instead. The surface area of the group is greatly reduced and a great deal of warmth and body fat conserved. Of course it's not quite so great for the individuals on the outside of the group as they only have a part of their body protected and warmed by the other penguins. So there is a continual movement of penguins from the outside of the group to the centre so displacing the warmer and more protected penguins to the outside where they will take their turn in the worst places against the wind and raw cold. || How has it changed over time in Antarctica? || Emperor penguins are truly amazing birds. They not only survive the Antarctic winter, but they are capable of breeding during the worst weather conditions on earth. The emperor is the largest of the 17 penguin species growing up to 1.15m tall and weighing up to 40kg.Penguins are designed for life in the sea. Some species spend as much as 75% of their lives in the water. || Type in the content of your page here.
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 * **Threats:** ||  Penguins living more than 60 degrees south of the equator are protected from hunting by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty. Penguins are currently threatened by human activity, most notably by global warming. Even the slightest climate change affects sea water temperature, ice cover and the availability of food sources, and scientists believe that this is the most likely cause for recent declines in penguin populations. Other threats include oil spills, human exploitation for guano and food, entanglement in fishing gear, human encroachment, over-fishing .  ||
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 * **Other Facts:** || The Emperor Penguin is the world's largest penguin, occurring in the Antarctic ||
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